LL-37

10mg Vial

2 September 2026Updated 2 September 2026

LL-37

Overview Research0 Mechanism Protocols Safety

Discussions

This is Premium content Premium

Create a free account, then upgrade to Premium or Lifetime to unlock the full research article, mechanism of action, results timeline, dosing protocol, and dose calculator for LL-37.

Create free account Member login

Full range of benefits for LL-37

Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Disrupts and prevents microbial biofilms

Neutralizes bacterial endotoxins (e.g., LPS), reducing excessive inflammation

Chemotactic: recruits neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells to sites

Modulates cytokine responses to help balance innate immune activation

Promotes wound healing via keratinocyte migration and proliferation

Stimulates angiogenesis and other tissue-repair processes

Supports epithelial barrier integrity on skin and mucosal surfaces

Can promote autophagy and intracellular pathogen clearance

May influence local microbiome composition and mucosal defense

This peptide's combination-safety and interaction data below always stays visible, regardless of membership.

Warning

Important information. The data compiled from scientific literature is provided for educational purposes. Dosage ranges reflect what is reported in studies and do not constitute a recommendation, prescription, or usage guidance. Health decisions should always be made with a qualified professional.

Peptide Interactions

// 13 known interactions

Synergistic(3)Compatible(3)Monitor(4)Avoid(3)

Generally well-tolerated alongside this peptide

Normal saline (wound irrigation)

Normal saline irrigation is chemically inert with respect to LL-37 and can be used concomitantly without expected loss of peptide activity.

Standard non-antimicrobial wound dressings

Non-antimicrobial dressings (gauze, foam) do not interact with LL-37 and are compatible for use during topical peptide therapy.

Acetaminophen (paracetamol)

Systemic analgesics such as acetaminophen have no known pharmacodynamic interaction with LL-37 and may be co-administered for symptomatic pain control.

All interaction categories

Synergistic (3)

Topical mupirocin: Combining LL-37 with topical mupirocin can produce additive antimicrobial effects at skin/wound sites, enhancing bacterial clearance and reducing infection burden.
Hyaluronic acid (topical): Topical hyaluronic acid supports wound hydration and matrix remodeling and can synergize with LL-37's pro-healing and re-epithelialization activities to accelerate tissue repair.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) / platelet-rich plasma (PRP): Exogenous growth factors or PRP provide trophic signals that cooperate with LL-37's angiogenic and mitogenic effects to enhance wound closure and tissue regeneration.

Compatible (3)

Normal saline (wound irrigation): Normal saline irrigation is chemically inert with respect to LL-37 and can be used concomitantly without expected loss of peptide activity.
Standard non-antimicrobial wound dressings: Non-antimicrobial dressings (gauze, foam) do not interact with LL-37 and are compatible for use during topical peptide therapy.
Acetaminophen (paracetamol): Systemic analgesics such as acetaminophen have no known pharmacodynamic interaction with LL-37 and may be co-administered for symptomatic pain control.

Monitor (4)

Systemic corticosteroids: Concurrent systemic corticosteroids may blunt LL-37's immunomodulatory and wound-healing effects, so monitor clinical signs of infection and wound healing progress.
Immunosuppressive biologics (e.g., TNF inhibitors): Co-administration with biologic immunosuppressants can alter infection risk and inflammatory response, requiring monitoring of infection markers and therapeutic response.
High-salt / hypertonic topical formulations: Elevated ionic strength (high-salt environments) reduces LL-37 antimicrobial activity, so monitor microbial cultures and clinical efficacy when hypertonic agents are used.
Concurrent systemic antibiotics: When LL-37 is used alongside systemic antibiotics, monitor for clinical response and microbiology as combined therapy can alter microbial susceptibility patterns and therapeutic outcomes.

Avoid (3)

Other cationic antimicrobial peptides (e.g., polymyxins, colistin): Combining LL-37 with other cationic membrane-active peptides may increase host cell membrane toxicity and local cytotoxicity, so use with caution and evaluate tissue tolerance.
Heparin and other extracellular glycosaminoglycans: Heparin and related glycosaminoglycans can bind and sequester LL-37, potentially reducing its efficacy, so assess clinical effect and consider timing/separation of administration.
Innate immune stimulants / TLR agonists: Agents that strongly stimulate innate immunity (TLR agonists or potent adjuvants) may synergize to provoke excessive local or systemic inflammation when combined with LL-37, warranting careful clinical evaluation.